Science
Density
An object's mass per unit volume. Density. Density is how much stuff is packed into a certain space.
Lava
Molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface. Lava. Lava is hot, liquid rock that flows from volcanoes.
Magma
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. Magma. Magma is hot, liquid rock found under the Earth's crust.
Mineral
A natural inorganic solid with definite chemical composition and structure. mineral. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance made of one or more elements with a specific crystal form.
Crystal
A solid of ions or atoms arranged in an orderly three-dimensional pattern. Crystal. A crystal is a structure where particles are arranged in a repeating, organized pattern.
Silicate
A mineral with silicon, oxygen, and other elements. Silicate. Silicates are minerals made from silicon and oxygen, forming the building blocks of rocks.
Cleavage
The tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces is called cleavage. Cleavage in science refers to how minerals break along smooth, flat planes where the bonds are weaker.
Fracture
An irregular break in a mineral. Fracture. In science, a fracture is when a material, like a rock or bone, breaks or cracks under stress.
Hardness
A minerals resistance to scratching. Hardness. Hardness measures how difficult it is to scratch a material.
Luster
The way a mineral's surface reflects light. Luster. Luster is the appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral.
Ore
A rock that contains enough mineral to be mined for profit. ore. Ore is a type of rock that contains valuable minerals that can be extracted and sold.
Streak
A color of a mineral in its powdered form streak. Streak is the color left behind when a mineral is scratched across a porcelain tile, helping to identify it.
Gem
A rare, valuable mineral. Gem. A gem is a naturally occurring mineral known for its beauty and durability, often used in jewelry.
