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DNA, RNA and Proteins

Science

DNA, RNA and Proteins Chapter Video

DNA, RNA and Proteins Chapter Video

anticodon

a group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to three bases on an mRNA codon
anticodon Simple Definition

base pairing rule

states that in DNA, guanine bonds with cytosine and adenine bonds with thymine
base pairing rule Simple Definition

cell differentiation

the change in the structure of a cell for a specialized function
cell differentiation Simple Definition

codon

a set of three bases in DNA or RNA, it codes for a single amino acid
codon Simple Definition

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid or ‘DNA’, carries an organism's genetic information
DNA Simple Definition

DNA polymerase

an enzyme involved in DNA formation, it creates bonds between nucleotides
DNA polymerase Simple Definition

double helix

the twisted ladder shape of a DNA molecule
double helix Simple Definition

exon

a DNA sequence that codes part of the final mRNA
exon Simple Definition

frameshift mutation

a mutation that adds or deletes a base, and shifts the DNA sequence
frameshift mutation Simple Definition

gene

the part of a chromosome that contains the DNA for a specific trait
gene Simple Definition

histone

the protein around which DNA wraps
histone Simple Definition

intron

a DNA sequence that does not code for any amino acid
intron Simple Definition

messenger RNA

RNA that transfers information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, to make proteins
messenger RNA Simple Definition

mutagen

an agent that can cause DNA mutations, like radioactivity
mutagen Simple Definition

mutation

a change in a cell’s DNA
mutation Simple Definition

nucleotide

a nucleic acid sub unit that consists of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide Simple Definition

operon

a section of DNA that contains the code to begin and regulate transcription, and build a protein
operon Simple Definition

point mutation

a gene mutation caused by a change in a single DNA base pair
point mutation Simple Definition

polyploidy

a condition where an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
polyploidy Simple Definition

promoter

a region of DNA which tells an enzyme where to bind, to make RNA
promoter Simple Definition

replication

the process of copying DNA before cell division
replication Simple Definition

ribosomal RNA

the RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
ribosomal RNA Simple Definition

RNA

ribonucleic acid or RNA, a molecule that aids in protein synthesis
RNA Simple Definition

RNA polymerase

an enzyme that forms a strand of RNA using a DNA template
RNA polymerase Simple Definition

transcription

the process by which RNA is created using a strand of DNA as a template
transcription Simple Definition

transfer RNA

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
transfer RNA Simple Definition

translation

the process by which mRNA is decoded into the amino acid sequence of a protein
translation Simple Definition

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