Plants

Science

A multicellular eukaryote that produces its own food by photosynthesis

Plant

A multicellular eukaryote that produces its own food by photosynthesis. Plant. A plant is a living organism that makes its own food using sunlight.

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm

Flower

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm. flower. A flower is the part of a plant that produces seeds and is often colorful to attract pollinators.

The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants

Cuticle

The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants. Cuticle. The cuticle is a protective layer that helps prevent water loss from plant surfaces.

The mainly underground part of a plant that absorbs water and minerals

Root

The mainly underground part of a plant that absorbs water and minerals. root. Roots anchor plants and help them take in water and nutrients from the soil.

A plant embryo in a protective covering

Seed

A plant embryo in a protective covering. Seed. A seed is a small, protected package containing an embryo and nutrients, allowing plants to grow into new individuals.

Xylem and phloem tissue that transport water and food, and provide support to plants

Vascular tissue

Xylem and phloem tissue that transport water and food, and provide support to plants. Vascular tissue. Vascular tissue is like the plant's bloodstream, moving water and nutrients around the plant.

The seed-bearing reproductive structure of gymnosperms like pine, redwood, and spruce

Cone

The seed-bearing reproductive structure of gymnosperms like pine, redwood, and spruce. cone. A cone is a plant structure that contains seeds and helps in the reproduction of certain trees like pines.

The leaf of a fern

Frond

The leaf of a fern. frond. A frond is the large, divided leaf of a fern or similar plant.

The female reproductive structure where eggs develop in some plants

Archegonium

The female reproductive structure where eggs develop in some plants. archegonium. An archegonium is the part of certain plants like ferns and mosses where the egg is stored for fertilization.

A reproductive structure that produces male sex cells in some plants and algae

Antheridium

A reproductive structure that produces male sex cells in some plants and algae. Antheridium. It is where male sperm cells are produced in non-flowering plants like mosses and ferns.

A cluster of sporangia on the underside of a fern frond

Sorus

A cluster of sporangia on the underside of a fern frond. Sorus. A sorus is a group of structures in ferns that produce and release spores for reproduction.

A plant with a life span of one year or less

Annual

A plant with a life span of one year or less is called an annual. In science, an annual plant germinates, flowers, seeds, and dies within one year.

A flowering plant with a two-year life span

Biennial

A flowering plant with a two-year life span. Biennial. A biennial plant grows and develops leaves in the first year, flowers, seeds, and dies in the second year.

The seed leaf inside the embryo of a seed

Cotyledon

The seed leaf inside the embryo of a seed. Cotyledon. A cotyledon is the first leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant, which helps in the initial stages of growth.

The ripened ovary of a flower, it contains seeds

Fruit

The ripened ovary of a flower, it contains seeds. Fruit is a plant structure that develops from the flower and helps disperse seeds.

A flowering plant with one seed leaf

Monocot

A flowering plant with one seed leaf. Monocot. Monocots are plants that start with a single leaf when they sprout from their seeds.

The ovary of a flower, it contains eggs

Ovule

The ovary of a flower, it contains eggs. Ovule. An ovule is a small structure in plants that develops into a seed when fertilized.

A flowering plant that lives for more than two years

Perennial

A flowering plant that lives for more than two years. Perennial plants persist and grow back each year.

The structure that contains the male gametophytes of seed plants

Pollen grain

The structure that contains the male gametophytes of seed plants. Pollen grain. Pollen grain is essentially a tiny package that contains the cells needed for a plant to reproduce.

The small openings on a plant leaf that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out

Stomata

The small openings on a plant leaf that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out are called stomata. In simple terms, stomata are tiny pores on leaves that help plants breathe.

An underground stem of ferns that stores food

Rhizome

An underground stem of ferns that stores food. Rhizome. A rhizome is a type of plant stem that grows horizontally underground and helps store nutrients for the plant.

The case in which fungal spores are produced

Sporangium

The case in which fungal spores are produced. Sporangium. A sporangium is a structure found in fungi and some plants that produces and contains spores for reproduction.

The diploid, spore-producing phase of a plant life cycle

Sporophyte

The diploid, spore-producing phase of a plant life cycle. Sporophyte. A sporophyte is the part of a plant's life cycle that produces spores to help the plant reproduce.

The gamete-producing haploid phase of a plant’s life cycle

Gametophyte

The gamete-producing haploid phase of a plants life cycle. Gametophyte. A gametophyte is the stage in a plant's life cycle where it produces eggs and sperm for reproduction.

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure, most plants are angiosperms

Angiosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure, most plants are angiosperms. Angiosperm. An angiosperm is a type of plant that produces flowers and seeds inside fruit.

The transfer of plant pollen from the male to the female reproductive structure

Pollination

The transfer of plant pollen from the male to the female reproductive structure. Pollination. It's how plants reproduce by moving pollen so they can make seeds.

A substance that hardens the cell walls of vascular tissue in plants

Lignin

A substance that hardens the cell walls of vascular tissue in plants. Lignin. It is a complex organic polymer that strengthens and supports plant structures.

A hollow xylem cell with thick walls that transports water

Tracheid

A hollow xylem cell with thick walls that transports water. Tracheid. Tracheids are long, tube-like cells in plants that help move water from the roots to the rest of the plant.

A plant that bears seeds in cones, instead of fruit

Gymnosperm

A plant that bears seeds in cones, instead of fruit. Gymnosperm. Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds without a protective fruit covering, typically in cones.

The tough protective tissue around a plant embryo that keeps it from drying out

Seed coat

The tough protective tissue around a plant embryo that keeps it from drying out. Seed coat. A seed coat is the outer layer that shields a seed and prevents it from drying out.

A small, green filament that develops into the gametophyte in mosses

Protonema

A small, green filament that develops into the gametophyte in mosses. Protonema. Protonema is the early, thread-like stage of moss development that eventually grows into the mature moss plant.

Asexual reproduction where new plants grow from a stem, root, or leaf

Vegetative reproduction

Asexual reproduction where new plants grow from a stem, root, or leaf. Vegetative reproduction. It's a way plants grow new individuals without seeds, using parts like stems, roots, or leaves.