Desertification
A type of land degradation in drylands when fertile areas become more arid
Real World Example
During the period of the Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa from 730-1590, desertification played a significant role in shaping societies and economies. As regions became more arid, agricultural productivity decreased, impacting food supplies and leading to the decline of some powerful kingdoms like Ghana. This environmental change forced communities to adapt, often by moving to more fertile areas, which influenced trade routes and cultural exchanges. Today, desertification remains a critical issue, threatening the livelihoods of millions by reducing arable land and water resources. For instance, in parts of Africa, farmers now struggle with reduced crop yields due to expanding deserts, which can lead to food shortages and economic challenges for families.
