Plants

Science

The green pigment in plants that uses light energy for photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

The green pigment in plants that uses light energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a substance in plants that helps turn sunlight into food.

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure, most plants are angiosperms

Angiosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure, most plants are angiosperms. Angiosperm. An angiosperm is a plant that has flowers and produces seeds protected inside fruit.

The ripened ovary of a flower, it contains seeds

Fruit

The ripened ovary of a flower, it contains seeds. Fruit is the part of a plant that develops from the flower and contains the seeds.

The lower part of a pistil that produces seeds in ovules

Ovary

The lower part of a pistil that produces seeds in ovules ovary. An ovary is the part of a flower that contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization.

The ovary of a flower, it contains eggs

Ovule

The ovary of a flower, it contains eggs. Ovule. An ovule is the part of a plant that develops into a seed after fertilization.

The female reproductive organ of a flower

Pistil

The female reproductive organ of a flower. Pistil. The pistil is the part of a flower that includes the ovary, style, and stigma, and is responsible for producing seeds after fertilization.

The transfer of plant pollen from the male to the female reproductive structure

Pollination

The transfer of plant pollen from the male to the female reproductive structure. Pollination is how plants reproduce by moving pollen from one part to another to make seeds.

A plant embryo in a protective covering

Seed

A plant embryo in a protective covering. Seed. A seed is a small, dormant plant embryo surrounded by a coat, storing nutrients needed for it to grow into a new plant.

A reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant

Spore

A reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant. Spore. A spore is a tiny cell produced by fungi, some plants, and bacteria that can develop into a new organism without the need for fertilization.

The male reproductive part of a flower

Stamen

The male reproductive part of a flower. Stamen. The stamen is the part of a flower that produces pollen, which is necessary for fertilizing the plant's ovules.

A plant that bears seeds in cones, instead of fruit

Gymnosperm

A plant that bears seeds in cones, instead of fruit. Gymnosperm. Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds without a protective fruit, often in cones.

A low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue, like moss

Nonvascular plant

A low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue, like moss. Nonvascular plant. Nonvascular plants are simple plants that absorb water and nutrients directly through their surfaces instead of through specialized structures.

A plant with specialized tissue to move water and nutrients

Vascular plant

A plant with specialized tissue to move water and nutrients. Vascular plant. Vascular plants have tube-like structures that carry water and nutrients throughout the plant.

A thin rootlike structure that absorbs nutrients and anchors nonvascular plants

Rhizoid

A thin rootlike structure that absorbs nutrients and anchors nonvascular plants. Rhizoid. Rhizoids are hair-like structures that help certain plants absorb nutrients from the ground.

The leaf of a fern

Frond

The leaf of a fern. Frond. A frond is the leafy part of a fern that helps the plant make food through photosynthesis.

The vascular tissue that transports food in plants

Phloem

The vascular tissue that transports food in plants. Phloem is a part of a plant that moves nutrients like sugars from the leaves to other parts where they are needed.

Plant tissue that moves water and nutrients up from the roots

Xylem

Plant tissue that moves water and nutrients up from the roots. Xylem is a type of plant tissue that acts like a straw, carrying water and nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

Tiny grains that contain the male gametophytes of a flower

Pollen

Tiny grains that contain the male gametophytes of a flower. Pollen is the powdery substance produced by plants for reproduction, allowing them to fertilize other plants.

The growth of a new plant from a seed

Germination

The growth of a new plant from a seed. Germination. Germination is the process where a seed begins to grow and develop into a new plant.

The plant cell layer that makes new phloem and xylem cells

Cambium

The plant cell layer that makes new phloem and xylem cells. Cambium. Cambium is a thin layer in plants that helps them grow by producing new cells for transporting nutrients and water.

The loss of water vapor through the stomata in a plant’s leaves

Transpiration

The loss of water vapor through the stomata in a plants leaves. Transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through tiny openings in their leaves.

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm

Flower

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm. Flower. A flower is the part of a plant that helps it reproduce by producing seeds.

A leaf like structure below the petals, it protects the flower when it is a bud

Sepal

A leaf like structure below the petals, it protects the flower when it is a bud. Sepal. Sepals are parts of a flower that enclose and protect the developing bud before it blooms.

Colored leaf-like part of a flower

Petal

Colored leaf-like part of a flower. Petal. A petal is a part of a flower that is often colorful and helps attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.

A flowering plant with one seed leaf

Monocot

A flowering plant with one seed leaf. Monocot. Monocots are a group of plants that have seeds with a single leaf, like grasses and lilies.

A flowering plant whose seeds have two leaves

Dicot

A flowering plant whose seeds have two leaves. Dicot. Dicots are plants that start with two seed leaves, or cotyledons, which helps them grow.

A change in a plant’s growth in response to external factors, like growing towards the light

Tropism

A change in a plants growth in response to external factors, like growing towards the light. Tropism. Tropism is a plant's movement or growth direction in response to environmental stimuli like light, gravity, or water.

An underground stem of ferns that stores food

Rhizome

An underground stem of ferns that stores food. Rhizome. A rhizome is a horizontal plant stem that grows underground and helps store nutrients.