Energy and Chemical Change

Science

The ability to do work

Energy

The ability to do work. Energy. Energy is what powers everything, allowing objects to move and change.

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed

Law of conservation of energy

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Law of conservation of energy. Energy can change forms but the total amount of energy remains constant.

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance

Chemical potential energy

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance. Chemical potential energy. It is the energy that can be released when chemical reactions occur.

The thermal energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object

Heat

The thermal energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object. Heat. Heat is the energy that moves from something hot to something cold.

A unit of heat used to measure the energy content of food, a calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

Calorie

A unit of heat used to measure the energy content of food, a calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C. A calorie is a measure of energy in food.

The SI unit of energy, also known as the Newton-meter

Joule

The SI unit of energy, also known as the Newton-meter, is the joule. A joule measures the amount of energy used when a force of one newton moves an object one meter.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C

Specific heat

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C. Specific heat. Specific heat is a measure of how much heat energy is required to change the temperature of a substance.

An object used for measuring the heat of chemical reactions

Calorimeter

An object used for measuring the heat of chemical reactions. Calorimeter. A calorimeter is a device that helps us measure the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

Is the study of the heat released or absorbed as a result of chemical reactions

Thermochemistry

Is the study of the heat released or absorbed as a result of chemical reactions. Thermochemistry. It examines how energy changes during chemical reactions.

Everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system

Surrounding

Everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system. Surrounding. In Science, "surrounding" refers to everything outside the boundaries of a system that can affect or be affected by it.

The total heat content of a system, the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume

Enthalpy

The total heat content of a system, the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. Enthalpy. Enthalpy is the measure of energy in a system, including internal energy and the energy needed to make room for it by displacing its environment.

A balanced equation that includes the reactants and products, and specifies the change in enthalpy

Thermochemical equation

A balanced equation that includes the reactants and products, and specifies the change in enthalpy thermochemical equation. A thermochemical equation shows the energy change in a chemical reaction.

Energy released when 1 mole of a substance is burned

Enthalpy of combustion

Energy released when 1 mole of a substance is burned. Enthalpy of combustion. It is the heat produced when a substance completely burns in oxygen.

The amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid substance

Molar enthalpy of fusion

The amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid substance. Molar enthalpy of fusion. It is the energy needed to change one mole of a solid into a liquid without changing its temperature.

The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid

Molar enthalpy of vaporization

The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid is called the molar enthalpy of vaporization. It is the energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

The amount of heat released or absorbed in a reaction does not depend on the number of steps in the reaction

Hess law

The amount of heat released or absorbed in a reaction does not depend on the number of steps in the reaction. Hess's law. Hess's law states that the total energy change in a chemical reaction is the same, no matter how many steps the reaction takes.

Term used to describe and measure the degree of disorder in a system

Entropy

Term used to describe and measure the degree of disorder in a system entropy. In simple terms, entropy is the measure of how mixed up or disordered things are in a system.

The energy available to do work

Free energy

The energy available to do work. Free energy. In simple terms, free energy is the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform.

An energy source made of the remains of organisms that lived long ago, like coal or oil

Fossil fuel

An energy source made of the remains of organisms that lived long ago, like coal or oil. Fossil fuel is a natural energy source formed from ancient plants and animals buried and transformed over millions of years.

A heat-releasing chemical reaction, like burning or combustion

Exothermic reaction

A heat-releasing chemical reaction, like burning or combustion, is called an exothermic reaction. An exothermic reaction is a process that releases energy in the form of heat.

A heat-absorbing chemical reaction, like ice melting

Endothermic reaction

A heat-absorbing chemical reaction, like ice melting. Endothermic reaction. An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings.

The amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1°C

Heat capacity

The amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1C. Heat capacity. Heat capacity is the measure of how much heat energy an object can absorb before its temperature rises by 1C.

The science of measuring heat flow

Calorimetry

The science of measuring heat flow. Calorimetry. Calorimetry is a method used to determine the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction, physical change, or heat capacity measurement.